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United kingdom and it's constitution.

UNITED KINGDOM also known as great bretian and Northern Ireland this all commonly known as UNITED KINGDOM UK or Britain.
Situated in Europe northwestern coast.
And it's capital is London one of the largest city.
And official language is English, as well as other languages such as Scots , Ulster Scots , Welsh , Cornish ,Scottish Gaelic , Irish are
British languages.
And there is different religion such as 52% is no religion And 38% is Christianity And 6% is Islam And 0.5% is Judaism And 3.5% is Other
Religion in UK.
And it's government is two type one is Unitary parliamentary And another is constitutional monarchy.
And legislature is parliament having
Upper house(House of lords)
Lower house (House of commons).


STATUS OF STATE

The constitution of united kingdom composed of rule and law and this rule and law create Institution of state and regulates the relationship between state and individuals.
☆ The United kingdom should be Democratic where the people lives freely.
☆ The United kingdom should be operated as a union of one nation with power where lowest appropriate level for everyone.
☆ The constitution of united kingdom should be basic law according with which united governed.


AMENDMENT OF UNITED KINGDOM

The constitution and law of united kingdom must be enacted or repealed by parliament for using it's ordinary LEGISLATIVE process.
☆There must be commission for Democracy which keep the constitutions under review of operation.
☆Government or others House of parliament the amendment to the constitution May be proposed by commission for Democracy in state.
☆The majority of the people voting in referendum.


THE HEAD OF STATE

The head of state in united kingdom is through monarch.
The head of state elected directly by the people.
Or
Choose by house of parliament.
The head of state must be citizen of UK and have more then 18 years age.
And the head of the state only for 10 years.


POWER

The power of head of state is formal, and non political which includes.
☆Making of legislation approved by the Houses of parliament.
☆Appointing prime minister.
☆Appointing the ministr of crowns.
☆Having honour and titles.

The head of state must be reacted with politics as neutral.
And state exercise this power through prime minister of the state.


THE EXECUTIVE OF UK

The prime minister

The prime minister is the head of the state of the government.And appointed by Head of state and house of commons.
Prime minister is for five (5) years after it another selected by General election.
And also prime minister only remain when he or she have vote of confidence in house of commons.And another one found within 14 days or prime minister resign.

☆Prime minister should be elected by direct election in two round ballots.
☆only for 5 years.


THE CABINET OF UK

The cabinet consist of prime minister and others senior minister and collective called Government of state.

Minister must be appointed by Head of state or house of parliament and also dissmesd by it only.
Only for 95 years minister hold the office and right of vote.


POWER OF EXECUTIVE OF UK


The power of executive exercise on the basis of Act parliament and law or commons.

The power of executive includes only.
☆Declaring war and order to armed forces.
☆Singing treaties and International agreement.
☆Approval of passport.
☆Issuing pardons.

The prime minister and minister responsible for exercising the power in state to the parliament.


THE LEGISLATIVE OF UK

Parliament

Parliament of united kingdom have two chambers one is upper house(House of commons) and another is lower house(House of lords).

THE HOUSE OF COMMONS

The first chamber of united kingdom parliament.
It's membership have 650 Directly elected members, known as members of the parliament.this members elected by simply majority system called First past the post.

Function of commons HOUSE

☆To represent the people of united kingdom every where.
☆To hold the government to accounts.
☆Approval of bills apart from LEGISLATIVE process.
☆Authorization of taxes.
☆Approval of government budgets and planned for annual expenditure.
☆To confirm the appointment of the prime minister and others minister.


THE HOUSE OF LORDS IN UK

The second chamber of united kingdom parliament.
And it's house is made up of life peers 92 heredity peers and also 26 Lord spiritual.

The life peers appointed for life time by the head of the state on the advice of prime minister.
The 92 peers hold office for life time.
Whenever the vacancy become empty the another one selected by election on order of house.

There is no limit for the number of members of the house lords.

Power and  function of house of lords.

☆To hold the government to accounts of state.
☆Amendment and approvals of bills apart from LEGISLATIVE process.



THE JUDICIARY SYSTEMS OF UK

The judiciary system of UK is independent and impartial.
Judiciary system mostly hold by minister.
In UK there is separate court system in England and Wales.
Kingdom supreme court is the largest court of UK.

Appointment of judges

Senior judges appointed by the head of the state minister.
Appointment must be through merits.
The first selected judges must be need to promote diversity among themselves.


FUNCTION

Hold the rule and law and rights of individuals.
Maintain the civil and criminal justice as well as administrations.
Judiciary responsible for the growth and development of the commons law.
There is no one and power to strike the law.
Judiciary have power to strike the constitutions and other inconsistent with the state.


BILL OF RIGHTS

In UK the human rights expressed in the human rights and rule are available for everyone in united kingdom.
☆Everyone have rights of life.
☆Everyone one have rights to live free from torture or degrading treatment.
☆Everyone have rights to free from slavery.
☆No one can be found guilty of criminal and have rights in court.
☆Rights of respect for self and there family.
☆Rights of freedom and there own religion.
☆Rights of freedom of expression.
☆Rights to marry and find there own family.
☆Rights of thereown peacefully property.
☆Rights of education.
☆Rights to take part in free and fair election.

This right is secured by government of UK and head of state to enjoy by the citizen of state.



STATUS IN LAW

In UK there is law for protecting rights of the individuals.
The rights protected in this constitution bill of right must have special legal status.

Protection of rights must be involved in any law that is no consistent.



By Dr Muhammad Abid

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