by the constitution. The country is a federal parliamentary republic in which provincial
governments enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is
vested with the national cabinet which is headed by Prime Minister of Pakistan who works coherently along with the bicameral parliament and the
judicature.
Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate check and balance of
sharing powers between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government.
PRESIDENT
Head of state is president elected by the electoral college for a five-year.
Arif Alvi is currently the president of Pakistan from 2018.
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
The current and former presidents of Pakistan, in keeping with the constitutional
provision that the state religion is Islam, must be a Muslim. Elected for a five-year term by
an Electoral College consisting of members of the Senate and National Assembly and
members of the provincial assemblies, the president is eligible for re-election.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
The bicameral federal legislature consists of the Senate (upper house) and National
Assembly (lower house). According to Article 50 of the Constitution, the National
Assembly, the Senate and the President together make up a body known as the Majlis-e- Shoora (Council of Advisers).
SENATE
The Senate is a permanent legislative body with equal representation from each of the
four provinces, elected by the members of their respective provincial assemblies. There
are representatives from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and from Islamabad Capital Territory.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
Members of the National Assembly are elected by universal adult suffrage (formerly
twenty-one years of age and older but the seventeenth amendment changed it to
eighteen years of age.). Seats are allocated to each of the four provinces, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Islamabad Capital Territory on the basis of population.
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
The judiciary includes the Supreme Court, provincial high courts, District & sessions
Courts, Civil and Magistrate courts exercising civil and criminal jurisdiction.
Some federal and provincial courts and tribunals such as Services court, Income tax & excise court, Banking court and Boards of Revenue's Tribunals are as well established in all provinces.
SUPREME COURT
In reference of ARTICLE 175 (A) APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES.
Head of all courts present in Islamabad.
(1) There shall be a Judicial Commission of Pakistan, hereinafter in this Article referred
to as the Commission, for appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court, High Courts and
the Federal Shariat Court, as hereinafter provided.
(2) For appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court, the Commission shall consist of---
(i) Chief Justice of Pakistan; Chairman (ii) [four] most senior Judges of the Supreme
Court;Member (iii) a former Chief Justice or a former Judge of the Supreme Court of
Pakistan to be nominated by the Chief Justice of Pakistan, in consultation with the [four]
member Judges, for a term of two years; Member (iv) Federal ministerfor law.
FEDERAL SHARITE COURT OF PAKISTAN
The Federal Shariat Court (FSC) of Pakistan is a court which has the power to examine
and determine whether the laws of the country comply with Shari'a law.
It consists of 8 Muslim judges appointed by the President of Pakistan after consulting the Chief Justice
of this Court, from amongst the serving or retired judges of the Supreme Court or a High
Court or from amongst persons possessing the qualifications of judges of a High Court.
PROVINCIAL AND HIGH COURT
In every province, there is one High Court. Currently all four provinces Punjab, Sindh,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan have High courts, respectively called Lahore High
Court, Sindh High Court, Peshawar High Court, and Balochistan High Court. After the
approval of 18th Constitutional Amendment in April 2010, a new High court is established
at Federal Capital in Islamabad.
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